<i>Acorus calamus</i> extract and its component α-asarone attenuate murine hippocampal neuronal cell death induced by <scp>l</scp>-glutamate and tunicamycin

Neuronal death and survival - targeting glutamate-induced cell death mechanisms

Calcineurin and mitochondrial function in glutamate-induced neuronal cell death.

We have previously reported that glutamate can trigger a succession of necrosis and apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells (CGC). Since specific blockers of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel prevented both types of cell death, the role of Ca2+-dependent processes in the initiation of glutamate toxicity was further investigated. We examined the possible involvement of mitochondria ...

CXCL12 induces CaMKII synaptic localization and glutamate-induced hippocampal cell death

Cerebral ischemia is known to induce cell death through hypoxia and oxidative stress following reperfusion. However, cell death can spread beyond the ischemic core when toxic glutamate levels act on NMDA receptors of surrounding regions. Levels of CXCL12, a chemokine primarily released from glia, reportedly elevate following ischemia. Acute activation of its receptor, CXCR4, appears to serve a ...

Investigation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss caused by diabetes induced by streptozotocin in rats

Background and Aim: Learning and memory defect occurs following chronic diabetes with uncontrolled blood glucose. Ginkgo leaf extract improves brain blood flow. Also it contains antioxidant components and has shown beneficial effects in neurological diseases. In this study we investigated the effects of Ginkgo leaf extract on spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss caused by dia...

Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Behavioral Impairment and Neuronal Death in Ovariectomized Rats Induced by Methamphetamine

Background and purpose: Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most powerful drugs that leads to many cognitive and behavioral side effects such as anxiety. On the other hand, studies have shown that ovarian hormones such as estrogen and progesterone have neuroprotective effects on a wide range of cognitive and behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of estrogen an...